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Acute Leukemia (AL) is a malignant blood cancer originating in the bone marrow, characterized by abnormal, rapid proliferation and accumulation of immature leukemic cells (blasts) that severely disrupt normal blood cell production. While occurring at any age, certain subtypes (e.g., Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia - ALL) are more common in children, while others (e.g., Acute Myeloid Leukemia - AML) predominantly affect adults. Global cancer statistics confirm leukemia (both acute and chronic) as a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, claiming hundreds of thousands of lives annually.

In 2025, Lishan Biotech initiated R&D for a novel live biotherapeutic product (LBP) targeting Acute Leukemia (AL), leveraging deep expertise in host-microbe interactions. Current AL treatments remain limited and highly toxic.This research builds on a breakthrough discovery: Gut microbiota and their metabolites (e.g., butyrate) remotely regulate hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and self-renewal in the bone marrow microenvironment. This process operates through modulation of bone marrow macrophage function and iron ion bioavailability ("iron scarcity"), revealing a promising new therapeutic approach for AL and other non-solid tumors via gut microbiome intervention.